Chapter 3
Antigravitation engine experiment:
know-how
and range of application
3.1 Devices
3.1.1 A brief introduction
This rotary antigravitation engine is made up of four devices. It is a small model engine, used to reveal and verify the principles of the rotary antigravitation engine.
Its design is as follows.
3.1.2 Rotation device
A toy motor is used to cause a wheel (hereafter also called a rotating body) to rotate.
The solid of rotation is a small wheel. The small wheel is from the toy "Modules for Construction ！ Wisdom".
If you like, you can affix to the front of the small wheel half a ping pong ball, which experience shows can help the antigravitation happen more quickly and more stably, perhaps because of its function of assembling the antigravitational matter.
It is better to choose a toy motor with a long shaft, and then to wind several circles of plastic adhesive plaster (about 5.2 cm) used by electricians on the shaft. In this way the eccentricity of the wheel during the rotation can be reduced.
The motor is welded on the base, which is made up of the toy modules for construction.
3.1.3 Sealing device
Place the motor and the rotating body fixed on the motor shaft in a glass jar (for the canned food). Tie some pieces of rubber, cut from the inner tyre for a bicycle, to the front and back bottom edge of the base of the motor in order to reduce the rotation of the motor base after the motor is started.
The mouth of the jar will be covered with a piece of plastic film, cut from a plastic bag for food, and then with a plastic jar cap, whose inner side has a circle of groove with a circle of edge beside it.
Make two small holes from the inside to the outside at the center of the film and the jar cap. Tow conducting wires of the motor come out through the holes. The wires inside the jar should be thick so that they are not easy to break because of the shakes of the motor when it works. When the wires are out of the jar mouth, they should be changed into thin and soft wires lest the motor base should be easy to change its direction because of the large elastic force of the thick wire out of the jar after the motor is started .
Cover the jar tightly with the film and then the jar cap, and the space inside the jar is thus sealed. If you are not sure of the tightness, you can daub some grease on the edge of the jar mouth and on the small holes in the center of the jar cap.
Affix a layer of sealing strips, which are used on doors and windows in cold winter, to the outside of the bottom of the jar, in order to make the bottom of the jar rougher and hence to stop the horizontal rotation of the jar after the motor is started.
3.1.4 Disturbance device
Behind the motor are placed the battery rack with the batteries in it, which can serve as a simple disturbance device. In most cases it can cause comparatively strong disturbance at the back of the rotary ball of the gravitational field matter (gfm) of the rotating body, and can make the gfm moving backward emitted and scattered, and hence make the gfm moving forward drag the inertial frame.
The power is 1.5 v nickel-cadmium batteries (about four batteries, placed in the battery rack). The main switch is a small single-pole single-throw switch. An elastic band ties the switch blade and the switch base together. A length of cotton thread is tied onto a thick wire (in the shape of a reversed L) joined to the switch base. Pull up the switch blade from its base with the cotton thread.
Use a match to light the cotton thread. When the thread burns broken, the switch blade is pulled down by the elastic band, and the electric current is turned on. In this way we can reduce the shake of the little boat caused by the shake of the hand.
3.1.5 Carrying device
A rectangular foam plastic board, cut from the packing board of the household electric appliance, serves as the base. Draw with a ball-pen a line parallel to the board bottom on each side perpendicular to the bottom and the four lines should be linked to each other. Then put the above three devices on the board. Put the board on the water and adjust the position of each device to make the water line of the board parallel to the lines drawn with the ball-pen. Fix the positions of the devices on the board with pins or nails so that their positions will not change when the motor has started.
Take the board out of the water and dry it. Put horizontally the board with the other devices on it in a washbasin. The length of the board should be larger than the diameter of the bottom of the washbasin so that the bottom of the board, except for the four end points, does not touch the basin. In this way the reacting force of the rotation of the rotator of the motor mostly changes into the force that makes the washbasin rotate, instead of the force that makes the washbasin push the water aside, for the force pushing the water aside will make the data analysis of the experiment more complicated.
3.2 Procedure
3.2.1 Fill a wash tub with water. Put the above washbasin at the center of the water surface in the wash tub.
3.2.2 Put a leveling instrument in the washbasin. Adjust the gradient of the above board to make the washbasin horizontal. Then make the washbasin at rest.
3.2.3 There should be no air flow at the wash tub. This can be tested by the smoke of an incense.
3.2.4 Set a tape recorder at the mode of recording. In order to know the range of error of the rotation speed of the tape-driving wheel of the tape recorder, we can tell the time every five seconds for two minutes and record our voices. Then replay the voices and check whether the intervals of the voices are even.
Now set the tape recorder at the mode of recording.
3.2.5 Burn the cotton thread that pulls one end of the switch blade. When the motor starts, measure the forward or backward movement of the edge of the washbasin with a ruler and read out the graduation on the ruler loudly.
3.2.6 Then replay the recording and, with a clock or a stopwatch, record the time when the edge of the washbasin gets to a certain graduation.
3.2.7 The revolution of the wheel should be measured with a reflecting revolution counter. In order to do this, the reflecting strip bought with the reflecting revolution counter should be affixed onto the rotating body in advance.
3.2.8 At last, make the air seal test, if you like, by immersing the jar into the water and starting the motor to see whether there are air bubbles coming out.
3.2.9 The radius of gyration of the metal part of the wheel, r , is calculated after the rotational inertia is measured with a torsion pendulum, which can be made as follows.
A piece of fishing line which is nylon silk serves as the suspension line. The upper end of the nylon silk is fixed, and the lower end is connected with the centre of a horizontal disc of uniform density.
First, the period of the torsion pendulum T1 is measured. Then the metal part of the wheel is put at the centre of the disc. (Please click here to view the picture.) Make sure the length of the suspension line is not changed. Then the period of the torsion pendulum T2 is measured.
Let R be the radius of the disc, M be the mass of the disc, and m be the mass of the metal part of the wheel. Then r is
r = [ R2 M (T22 - T12) / (2 m T12) ](1/2) .
3.3 Analysis
3.3.1 According to the traditional mechanics, when the bottom of the washbasin is horizontal and the rotating body in the airtight jar rotates smoothly, the washbasin should not go forward or backward.
3.3.2 Only when the washbasin tilts, or when the rotating body rotates so slowly that it can't rotate smoothly and that the eccentricity becomes large, making the washbasin shake, will the washbasin push the water unevenly, and possibly move forward or backward.
3.3.3 When the bottom of the washbasin is horizontal and the rotating body in the airtight jar rotates smoothly, the forward or backward movement is caused by the antigravitation.
3.3.4 When |16π3mr4/(chT4)| is equal to or is smaller than the centripetal acceleration of the rotation of the washbasin, the antigravitational acceleration is zero, and the washbasin rotates significantly.
3.3.5 Since the antigravitation engine has the macroscopic quantum effect, it is normal for the boat to stay at the same place or to go sometimes forward and sometimes backward. When this happens, we should not think that the experiment has failed and should not stop the experiment.
3.4 Range of possible application
The rotary antigravitation engine can be used in scientific experiments as the generator of antigravitation, can be used in flight vehicles and other means of transport, and can be used to get energy from gravity.
It can be known from the set of equations of antigravitation engine that the antigravitation engine can use less energy and produce larger acceleration, and when the power is cut, the inertial rotation of the rotating body can still produce acceleration.
The antigravitation produced by the antigravitation engine can make astronauts free from overweight. In space, the reverse rotation of the carrying device caused by the rotation of the rotating body can be used to produce the man-made gravity.
The antigravitation engine can also be used to get energy, for example, electric energy, from gravity.
Chapter 1 An introduction to some antigravitation engine experiments that everyone can make
Chapter 2 The setting up of the set of equations of the antigravitation engine
Chapter 3 Know-how of the antigravitational mechanical experiment and range of application
Chapter
4 Data
analysis (to verify the macroscopic quantum mechanical phenomenon)
Chapter 5 Data analysis (mainly to verify Eq. (1) in Chapter 1)
Chapter 6 A new state of matter: foggoid state
