第十二章 类雾体
Chapter 12 Foggoid
关于类雾体和类雾体粒子的双重能量,请参看本网站第六章第6.1节和第6.24节;其中的"引物团"即是黎曼球面泡.
For foggoid and the dual energy of a foggoid particle, please see Sections 6.1 and 6.24 in Chapter 6 of this website, where the "gfm ball" is the Riemann-sphere-bubble.
詹妮·伦道斯的著作《时间风暴》[1]里所描述的奇怪的雾应该就是类雾体.
The strange fog described in the book Time Storms written by Jenny Randles[1] should be foggoid.
在反引力场中,由于扭量光影循环,普通粒子的周围存在着与之处于化学平衡状态的类雾体粒子[3].
In the antigravitational field, because of the twistor-light-silhouette cycle, foggoid particles exist around ordinary particles, and they are in a state of chemical equilibrium[3].
|
1. 莫比乌斯环型反引力场发动机所生成的莫比乌斯环型反引力场使一些粒子或一个物体进入扭量空间 PN ,并由此进入扭量光影循环;该粒子或物体在闵可夫斯基空间 M 的动能转化为热能(见(12.2-2)). 2. 热能以电磁辐射的形式存在和传递. 3. 如果该反引力场很强,则黎曼球面泡沫会有不同程度的解体,例如电离和原子核裂变.因此有时黎曼球面泡沫是等离子体;有些黎曼球面泡沫具有放射性. (12-1) |
| 1.
The Möbius-loop-typed antigravitational field generated by a Möbius-loop-typed antigravitation engine causes some particles or an object to enter the twistor space M#, and consequently to enter the twistor-light-silhouette cycle; the kinetic energy, in Minkowski space M, of the said particles or object converts into heat energy (See (12.2-2)).
2. Heat energy exists and is transmitted in the form of electromagnetic radiation. 3. If the said antigravitational field is very strong, then Riemann-sphere foam will exhibit varying degrees of decomposition, e.g. ionization and nuclear fission. Hence sometimes Riemann-sphere foam is plasma; some Riemann-sphere foam has radioactivity. (12-1) |
| 材料从类雾态复原后,在材料上可能会留下小洞. (12-2) |
| When a material has recovered from the foggoid state, tiny holes might be left in the material. (12-2) |
| 由于扭量光影循环,类雾体可以发出扭量光. (12-3) |
| Because of the twistor-light-silhouette cycle,foggoid can emit twistor light. (12-3) |
根据(8.3.2-5),
| 反引力场的"非全即无"的性质可以像保护罩那样保护类雾体,直到反引力场消失. (12-4) |
According to (8.3.2-5),
| The the nature of "whole or none" of the antigravitational field can serve as a protective cover escorting the foggoid until the antigravitation disappears. (12-4) |
反引力将物体变成类雾体,将有静质量的粒子变成扭量空间里的无静质量的粒子.
Antigravitation changes an object into foggoid, and changes massive particles into zero-rest-mass particles in twistor space.
类雾体使得扭量理论可以处理有静质量的粒子.
Foggoid enables twistor theory to deal with massive particles.
| 1. 将 h 换为 h' ,将
m 换为 mv2/c2
, 就可以将含有
h 和 m
的量子力学方程变成类雾体量子力学方程. 2. 与量子力学里的隧道效应相对应,存在着类雾体隧道效应. 3. 粒子的质量越小, h' 越大,粒子穿透势垒的概率就越大.因此类雾体具有很强的势垒穿透能力. (12-5) |
| If h
is replaced with h' ,
and
m is replaced
with mv2c2 ,
then a quantum-mechanics equation
that contains h
and m will be changed into a
foggoid quantum mechanics equation. 2. Corresponding to the tunnel effect in quantum mechanics, there exists the foggoid tunnel effect. 3. The smaller the mass of a particle is and the larger h' is, the more chance the particle has to penetrate a potential barrier. Hence foggoid has very strong ability of penetrating a potential barrier. (12-5) |
这有助于解释特异穿壁的现象.
This helps to explain the phenomenon of passing through walls paranormally.
根据(8.3.2-6),一团类雾体常常很快地消散.
According to (8.3.2-6), a mass of foggoid often vanishes very quickly.
| 物质从普通态到类雾态的转化所需的活化能来源于惯性系拖曳效应.类雾体的粒子是活性组分.它们在链反应中能使处于普通态的物质的粒子一个一个地转化为类雾体的粒子. (12-6) |
|
The activation energy needed by a substance changing from an ordinary state to the foggoid state comes from the inertial-frame-dragging effect. Foggoid particles are reactive species, which, in the chain reaction, can change particles of a substance in an ordinary state individually into foggoid particles. (12-6) |
|
反引力隧道效应导致类雾体粒子的链反应. (12-7) |
| Antigravitational tunneling effect causes the chain reaction of foggoid particles. (12-7) |
这有助于解释在西藏发现的虹化现象.
This helps to explain the phenomenon of the rainbow body found in Tibet.
由德布罗意关系 λ = h / ( m v ),可以知道
| 如果 h' >> h , m类雾体 << m , 则 λ' >> λ . (12-8) |
From the de Broglie relation λ = h / ( m v ), one can know that
| If h' >> h , mfoggoid << m , then λ' >> λ . (12-8) |
即反引力概率波的波长很长.这意味着物体可以突然出现在远处的一个地方.这有助于说明为什么一些由遥远的发射源发出的宇宙射线具有超过GZK截断的能量.
That is, the wavelength of the antigravitational probability waves is very long. This means that an object can suddenly appear at a place far away. This helps to explain why some cosmic rays emitted by distant sources have energies above the GZK limit.
参考文献
References
[1] 詹妮·伦道斯. 时间风暴. 于海生,译.长春:吉林摄影出版社,2002.
[1] Jenny Randles. Time Storms: Amazing Evidence for Time Warps, Space Rifts and Time Travel. New York: Piatkus/Berkley, 2001, 2002.
[2] 参看本网站第六章.
[2] Refer to Chapter 6 of this website.
[3] 姚贞香.人体气觉－Y法.北京:华夏出版社,1989年. ISBN 7-80053-476-6. 第107~108页.
[3] YAO Zhenxiang. Human Qi Perception: The Y Method. Beijing: Huaxia Press, 1989. Print. ISBN 7-80053-476-6. pages 107~108. (In Chinese.)
问题12(1) 对于类星体的能量问题的一种解释
Problem 12(1) An Explanation of the problems with the energy of a quasar
(1)
类星体3c273的红移是z = 0.158 339. 李政道[1]指出,在1982年2月,它曾在一天中能量增加了一倍.
The redshift of Quasar 3c273 is z = 0.158 339. Li Zheng-dao [1] pointed out that in February, 1982, once its energy doubled within a day.
假设3c273的退行速度是 v. 由 v 与 z 的关系式 v = ( ( (z + 1)2 -1 ) / ( (z + 1)2 +1 ) ) c, 可以得到
v = 4.375 1×107 m/s.
Suppose that the retreating speed of Quasar 3c273 is v. The relation between v and z is v = ( ( (z + 1)2 -1 ) / ( (z + 1)2 +1 ) ) c. Hence one can obtain
v = 4.375 1×107 m/s.
假设3c273是一个自转着的类雾体粒子团.于是根据(12-1),3c273以它的黎曼球面泡的时空为它自己的时空,它的黎曼球面泡拖曳着它周围的气体盘围绕着它快速旋转.
Assume that 3c273 is a rotating ball of foggoid particles. Then, accorcing to (12-1), 3c273 takes its Riemann-sphere-bubble's spacetime as its own spacetime, and its Riemann-sphere-bubble drags the surrounding gaseous disc to rotate fast.
已知类星体的大小常常与太阳系相仿[2].假设3c273的质量m与太阳的质量相同,即
m = 1.9891×1030 kg.
求3c273每秒辐射的能量是太阳每秒辐射能量的多少倍.
It is known that often a quasar is more or less as large as the solar system[2]. Let's assume that 3c273's mass m is the same as the Sun's mass, i.e.
m = 1.9891×1030 kg.
Find how many times more energy is emitted per second by 3c273 than by the Sun.
由(11.3-2)可以得到 ΔE'd = 4.05 ×1043 J.
From (11.3-2), one can obtain ΔE'd = 4.05×1043 J.
假设 E'd 是它每天辐射的能量, E's 是它每秒辐射的能量.因为它曾在一天中辐射的能量增加了一倍,所以有关系式 ΔE'd = E'd .于是有
E'd = 4.05×1043 J; E's = 4.69×1038 J.
Suppose that E'd is the energy that 3c273 emits per day, and that E's is the energy that it emits per second. Since Once the energy it emitted doubled within a day, there is the relation ΔE'd = E'd. Hence there is
E'd = 4.05×1043 J; and E's = 4.69×1038 J.
太阳每秒辐射的能量是4×1026J.因此3c273每秒辐射的能量是太阳每秒辐射能量的1.2×1012倍.
The energy the Sun emits per second is 4×1026J. Hence the energy emitted per second by 3c273 is 1.2×1012 times more than that by the Sun.
参考文献
References
[1] 李政道.导言：展望21世纪科学发展前景. 见《21世纪100个科学难题》. 21世纪100个科学难题编写组.长春:吉林人民出版社.1998年6月第1版.2000年1月第3次印刷.ISBN 7-206-02957-4.第4页.
[1] Li Zheng-dao. "Introduction: perspective of Scientific Development in the 21st Century". 100 Scientific Puzzles of the 21st Century, Compiling Group of 100 Scientific Puzzles of the 21st Century. Changchun: Jilin People's Press, June, 1st Edition (1998), 3rd Printing. ISBN 7-206-02957-4. page 4. (In Chinese.).
[2] ORACLE ThinkQuest. Quasars. http://library.thinkquest.org/18188/english/universe/stars/quasars.htm
[2] ORACLE ThinkQuest. Quasars. http://library.thinkquest.org/18188/english/universe/stars/quasars.htm
12.1 质量和能量的变化;地震
12.1 The change in mass and energy; earthquakes
根据力学,类雾体粒子的能量的变化ΔE类雾体 是
ΔE类雾体 = (1/2) Δm类雾体 v2 (在a反引力 ≠ 0期间的单位时间里).
and, according to mechanics, the change in the foggoid particle's energy ΔEfoggoid is
ΔEfoggoid = (1/2) Δmfoggoid v2 (during a unit of time during which Δaantigravitational ≠ 0) .
由于(8.3.2-3)和(8.6.2-2),上述粒子在单位时间的期间的能量变化是它在瞬间的能量变化.鉴于(12-1),类雾体形成时在单位时间的期间释放出的能量是
Owing to (8.3.2-3) and (8.6.2-2), the change in the energy of the above-mentioned particle during a unit of time is the change in its energy at an instant. In view of (12-1), when the foggoid comes into being, the energy released during a unit of time is
ΔE = (1/2) m粒子 v2 , (在a反引力 ≠ 0期间的单位时间里). (12.1-2)
ΔE = (1/2) mparticle v2 , (during a unit of time during which Δaantigravitational ≠ 0). (12.1-2)
|
类雾体形成时在单位时间的期间释放出的能量是大地震背后的一个关键因素. (12.1-3) |
|
When the foggoid comes into being, the energy released during a unit of time is a critical factor behind large earthquakes. (12.1-3) |
另请参看(13-14)、(15.1-5)、问题13(1)、(17.1-1)
See also (13-14), (15.1-5), Problem 13(1), and
(17.1-1).12.2 温度的变化
12.2 The change in temperature
| 当类雾体形成时释放出能量,类雾体周围的温度升高.当类雾体变为普通物质时吸收能量,类雾体周围的温度降低. (12.2-1) |
这种现象可以称为反引力温度变化.这有助于解释詹妮·伦道斯的著作《时间风暴》第四章[1]里描述的温度变化的现象.
| When foggoid is forming, energy is released, and the temperature around the foggoid rises. When foggoid becomes ordinary matter, the foggoid absorbs energy, and the temperature around the foggoid drops. (12.2-1) |
Such a phenomenon can be called the antigravitational temperature change. This helps to explain the phenomenon of the change in temperature described in Chapter 4 of the book Time Storms[1] written by Jenny Randles.
假设类雾体在形成时在单位时间的期间辐射的能量是它在单位时间的期间里面能量的变化.由(12.1-2),类雾体在单位时间的期间辐射的能量是
ΔE类雾体 = (1/2) m v2 , (在a反引力 ≠ 0期间的单位时间里), (12.2-2)
It can be assumed that when the foggoid comes into being, the energy that the foggoid radiates during a unit of time is the change in its energy during a unit of time; thus the energy that the foggoid radiates during a unit of time, according to (12.1-2), is
ΔEfoggoid = (1/2) m v2 , (during a unit of time during which aantigravitational ≠ 0), (12.2-2)
式中ΔE类雾体 是类雾体在单位时间的期间辐射的能量; 在变成类雾体以前,粒子或物体的质量是 m , 速率是 v . (参看(12-1).)
where ΔEfoggoid is the energy radiated by the foggoid during a unit of time; m and v are mass and speed of a particle or an object before it is changed into foggoid. (Refer to (12-1).)
由(12.2-2)和斯特藩-玻尔兹曼定律 T4 = ( E / (1单位时间) ) / (σ S) 得到
ΔT = ( E / (σ S · 1单位时间) )(1/4) , (在a反引力 ≠ 0期间的单位时间里); (12.2-3)
ΔT = ( (1/2) m v2 / (σ S · 1单位时间) )(1/4) , (在a反引力 ≠ 0期间的单位时间里); (12.2-4)
(12.2-2) and Stefan-Boltzmann law T4 = ( E / (a unit of time) ) / (σ S) yield
ΔT = ( E / (σ S · a unit of time) )(1/4) , (during a unit of time during which aantigravitational ≠ 0); (12.2-3)
ΔT = ( (1/2) m v2 / (σ S · a unit of time) )(1/4) , (during a unit of time during which aantigravitational ≠ 0); (12.2-4)
式中ΔT是类雾体的绝对温度的变化,σ 是斯特藩-玻尔兹曼常量,S是辐射面积.
where ΔT is the change in the absolute temperature of the foggoid, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and S is the radiating area.
球面面积公式是S = 4r2.因此对于球面,(12.2-4)变为
ΔT = ( ( 1/2 ) m v2 / ( 4 r2 σ · 1单位时间) )(1/4) , (在a反引力 ≠ 0期间的单位时间里). (12.2-5)
The surface area of a sphere is given by the formula S = 4r2. Hence for a sphere, (12.2-4) becomes
ΔT = ( (1/2) m v2 / (4 r2 σ · a unit of time) )(1/4) , (during a unit of time during which aantigravitational ≠ 0). (12.2-5)
(12.2-4)有助于解释特异烧灼实验.
(12.2-4) helps to explain the pyrokinesis experiment.
由(12-1)和(12.2-2)可以知道
| 扭量光影可以发出普通光. (12.2-6) |
From (12-1) and (12.2-2) one can know that
| A twistor-light-silhouette can emit ordinary light. (12.2-6) |
参考文献
References
[1] [英] 詹妮·伦道斯. 时间风暴. 于海生,译.长春:吉林摄影出版社,2002. ISBN 7-80606-581-4.第53页.
[1] Jenny Randles. Time Storms. Judy Piatkus (Publishers) Limited, 2001. Print. ISBN 0-425-18737-3. p. 45.
问题12.2(1) 反引力场发动机周围空间的温度
Problem 12.2(1) Temperature of the space around the antigravitation engine
在本网站第7章第7.18节所述的反引力场热学实验中,金属小轮的质量是m = 3.15×10-3 kg.反引力场发动机放在带有塑料盖的玻璃罐头瓶里.假定小船的速率是v = 2×10-5 m/s.设金属小轮中心为点A,数字式热电偶温度计(它的质量是164g)表面的中心为点B, r = AB. 在实验中r = 0.05 m, AB与水平面的夹角是θ = 30°.请点击这里看录像.
求温度计测出的温度上升了多少.
In the antigravitational thermal experiment described in Section 7.18, Chapter 7 of this website, the mass of the metal wheel was m = 3.15×10-3 kg. The antigravitation engine was placed in a glass jar, for the canned fruit, with a plastic cap. Assume that the speed of the boat was v = 2×10-5 m/s. Let the centre of the metal wheel be point A, and the centre of the surface of the digital thermocouple thermometer (its mass was 164g) be point B, and let r = AB. In the experiment there was r = 0.05 m, and the angle that AB made with the horizontal plane was θ = 30°. Please click here to view the video.
Find by how many degrees the temperature measured by the thermometer rose.
金属小轮的动能反复地通过反引力克服库仑力把金属小轮变成解体程度很低的类雾体,于是能量辐射出来.
The kinetic energy of the metal wheel, via antigravitation, repeatedly overcame the coulomb force and changed the metal wheel into foggoid which had a very low degree of breaking up, and then energy was radiated.
设反引力场发动机的能量辐射导致温度上升了ΔT.根据(12.2-5)可以得到ΔT:
ΔT = ( ( ( 1/2 ) m v2 / ( 4 r2 σ · 1 s ) ) sin θ )(1/4) , (在单位时间的期间,在这期间a反引力 ≠ 0) .
Suppose that the energy radiated by the antigravitation engine made the temperature rise by ΔT. Then according to (12.2-5),
ΔT can be obtained:
ΔT = ( ( ( 1/2 ) m v2 / ( 4 r2 σ · 1 s ) ) sin θ )(1/4) , (during a unit of time during which aantigravitational ≠ 0) .
将实验数值代入上式,得到
ΔT = 0.115 K ,
即温度上升了0.115 °C.
Substituting the experimental data into the above equation, one gets
ΔT = 0.115 K ,
i.e. the temperature rises by 0.115 °C.
实验结果是在多数情况下温度升高0.1 °C或更多.
The experimental result was that the temperature rose by 0.1 °C or more in most cases.
问题12.2(2) 日冕加热
Problem 12.2(2) Coronal heating problem
在日冕中粒子碰撞的频率低.太阳的5分钟震荡是太阳的全球行动,它的垂直速度是v =1000 m/s(见Audouin Dollfus[1990][1]).太阳的质量m = 1.989×1030 kg,表面积是S = 6.087×1018 m2.
In the corona, frequencies of collisions between particles are low. The solar 5-minute oscillations are a global movement of the Sun, and the vertical velocity of the oscillation is v = 1 000 m/s (see Audouin Dollfus[1990][1]). The solar mass is m = 1.989×1030 kg, and the solar surface is S = 6.087×1018 m2.
假设在日冕里|mv4 / (ch)|大于(9.2(4)-1a)中的| ∑R |,并假设震荡通过磁场不断地将全部动能传递给日冕中的粒子群,使其发生旋转,产生式(9.2(4)-1a)所描述的反引力并在向上运动的途中变成类雾体,辐射出能量.求由太阳的5分钟震荡所激发的日冕的那部分温度ΔT.
Assume that in the corona |mv4 / (ch)| is larger than | ∑R | in (9.2(4)-1a), and that the oscillations continuously transfer the complete kinetic energy, via the magnetic fields, to clouds of particles in the corona, which makes them rotate, produce antigravitation described in (9.2(4)-1a), and, on their way upwards, become foggoid, emitting energy. Find ΔT, the part of the corona temperature which is activated by the solar 5-minute oscillations.
将数值代入式(12.2-4),得到
ΔT = ( (1/2) m v2 / (σ S · 1单位时间) )(1/4) = 1.3×106 K .
O. G. Badalyan [1996][2]给出的观测值是:在赤道区域日冕中心的温度稳定在1.4×106 K,在极区日冕温度从最小值0.9×106 K增加到最大值1.4×106 K.
Substituting the numerical values into (12.2-4), one obtains
ΔT = ( (1/2) m v2 / (σ S · a unit of time) )(1/4) = 1.3×106 K .
The observed values given by O. G. Badalyan [1996][2] are as follows: in equatorial regions the temperature in the middle corona is constant and equal to 1.4×106 K, and the temperature in polar regions increases from 0.9×106 K at minimum to 1.4×106 K at maximum.
这有助于解释特异烧灼实验.
This helps to explain the pyrokinesis experiment.
参考文献
References
[1] Audouin Dollfus. High-resolution analysis of solar photospheric oscillations. Solar Physics. Volume 129, Number 1, September, 1990. Springer Netherlands. ISSN 0038-0938 (Print) 1573-093X (Online). DOI 10.1007/BF00154364. pages 1~30.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/r28447865424644m/
[1] Audouin Dollfus. High-resolution analysis of solar photospheric oscillations. Solar Physics. Volume 129, Number 1, September, 1990. Springer Netherlands. ISSN 0038-0938 (Print) 1573-093X (Online). DOI 10.1007/BF00154364. pages 1~30.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/r28447865424644m/
[2] Temperature and density in the middle corona through the activity cycle determined from white light observations. Author: O. G. Badalyan DOI: 10.1080/10556799608208224 Published in: Astronomical & Astrophysical Transactions, Volume 9, Issue 3 March 1996, pages 205 - 223 http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a751879583
[2] Temperature and density in the middle corona through the activity cycle determined from white light observations. Author: O. G. Badalyan DOI: 10.1080/10556799608208224 Published in: Astronomical & Astrophysical Transactions, Volume 9, Issue 3 March 1996 , pages 205 - 223 http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a751879583
问题12.2(3) 1908年的通古斯爆炸
Problem 12.2(3) Tunguska blast in 1908
1) 根据Don Yeomans[1],人们估计通古斯爆炸事件中的飞行物直径是120 英尺,质量是m = 220 million ponds,飞行速率约为v = 33 500 英里/小时,将周围空气升温至T1 = 44 500 °F,释放了相当于185颗广岛原子弹的能量E.
1) According to Don Yeomans[1], it is estimated that in the Tunguska event, the flying body was about 120 feet across, with the mass m = 220 million pounds, traveling at a speed of about v = 33 500 miles per hour, and it heated the air surrounding it to T1 = 44 500 degrees Fahrenheit. It released energy equivalent to about 185 Hiroshima bombs.
根据以上数值,有 m = 9.979 2 × 107 kg, v = 14 972.6 m/s, 半径R = 18.288 m, T1 = 24 963.4 K, E = 6.28 × 1013 J × 185 = 1.161 8 × 1016 J.
According to the above values, there were m = 9.979 2×107 kg, v = 14 972.6 m/s, the radius R = 18.288 m, T1 = 24 963.4 K, and E = 6.28 × 1013 J × 185 = 1.161 8 × 1016 J.
假设就在这个事件之前当地的气温是T2 = 20 °C, 即T2 = 293.15 K,则这个事件使气温升高 了 ΔT = T1 - T2 = 24 670.2 K.
Assume that just before the event the local air temperature is T2 = 20 °C, i.e. T2 = 293.15 K. Then the event raised the air temperature by ΔT = T1 - T2 = 24 670.2 K.
2) 假设这个飞行物在接近地球时由于快速自转而产生公式(9.2(4)-1a)所描述的反引力,进而变成一团类雾体,并释放出大量能量.根据(8.3.2-5),运动引物的惯性系拖曳效应可以像外壳那样护送被拖曳的类雾体接近地面直到反引力场消失.
2) It can be assumed that the flying body, when getting near the Earth, spun fast, generating antigravitation described by (9.2(4)-1a), and then became a mass of foggoid, releasing a large amount of energy. According to (8.3.2-5), the inertial-frame-dragging effect of the moving GFM was able to serve as a shell and to escort the foggoid being dragged to near the ground until the antigravitation disappeared.
3) 将数值代入(12.2-2)得到
ΔE类雾体 = (1/2) m v2 = 1.12×1016 J , (在单位时间的期间,在这期间a反引力 ≠ 0).
这与Don Yeomans文章中所述的对于能量释放量的估计是接近的.
3) Substituting the numerical values into (12.2-2) one gets
ΔEfoggoid = (1/2) m v2 = 1.12×1016 J , (during a unit of time during which aantigravitational ≠ 0).
This is close to the estimation of the energy released described in the article by Don Yeomans.
4) 假设飞行物是球形.由(12.2-5)得到,飞行物表面的温度应该上升了
ΔT = ( ( 1/2 ) m v2 / ( 4 R2 σ · 1单位时间) )(1/4) = 82 770.7 K.
4) Assume that the flying body was in the shape of a ball. From (12.2-5), one finds that its surface temperature should be raised by
ΔT = ( (1/2) m v2 / (4 R2 σ · a unit of time) )(1/4) = 82 770.7 K.
根据(12.2-5),在距离飞行物中心R1 = 205.86米处的空气温度应该上升了
ΔT = ( ( 1/2 ) m v2 / ( 4 R12 σ · 1单位时间) )(1/4) = 246 70.3 K.
According to (12.2-5), at a distance of R1 = 205.86 m from the centre of the flying body, the temperature of the air should be raised by ΔT = ( (1/2) m v2 / (4 R12 σ · a unit of time) )(1/4) = 246 70.3 K.
参考文献
[1] The Tunguska Event—100 Years Later. 06.30.2008. Editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/30jun_tunguska.htm
References
[1] The Tunguska Event—100 Years Later. 06.30.2008. Editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/30jun_tunguska.htm
问题12.2(4) 伽马射线爆发
Problem 12.2(4) Gamma ray bursts
如果在吸积盘的中心,(9.2(4)-1a)的条件(即| m (v线)4 / ( c h) | > | ∑R | )成立,那么吸积盘就要由于(9.2(4)-1a)所描述的反引力而沿着极轴进行相对论性喷发.
If in the centre of an accretion disc, the condition in (9.2(4)-1a) (i.e. | m (vtangential)4 / ( c h) | > | ∑R | ) holds true, then the accretion disc will emit relativistic jets along its polar axis owing to antigravitation described by (9.2(4)-1a).
如果| m (v线)4 / ( c h) | > | ∑R |这个条件在吸积盘里 处处成立,那么喷流就会抽吸剩余物,使之以近光速收缩.角动量守恒使得剩余物越转越快,使得反引力变得足够强以至于将喷流变成类雾体.最后整个吸积盘里的物质都可能被以近光速喷射出去,并变成类雾体.根据(12.2-2),在上述过程中释放的能量接近于(1/2) mc2.
If the condition, | m (vtangential)4 / ( c h) | > | ∑R |, holds true throughout the accretion disc, then the jets will extract the surplus matter and make it contract near the speed of light. Conservation of angular momentum will make the surplus matter rotate faster and faster, which will make antigravitation become so strong as to change the jets into foggoid. At last the matter in the whole accretion disc may be emitted away near the speed of light and become foggoid. According to (12.2-2), the energy released in the above process is near (1/2) mc2.
太阳的半径是RS = 7.0 × 108 m,质量是MSun = 2.0 × 1030 kg.如果一个与太阳大小相仿的吸积盘这样喷射物质,则喷射的时间t 接近于
t = RS / c = 2.3 s.
The Sun's radius is RS = 7.0 × 108 m, and its mass is MSun = 2.0 × 1030 kg. If an accretion disc as big as the Sun emits matter like this, then t, the time of emission is near
t = RS / c = 2.3 s.
根据(12.2-2),释放的能量是
ΔE类雾体 = (1/2) MSun v2 ≈ (1/2) MSun c2 = 9 × 1046 J = 9 × 1053 erg,
并且会发出大量的伽马射线.
According to (12.2-2), the energy released is
ΔEfoggoid = (1/2) MSun v2 ≈ (1/2) MSun c2 = 9 × 1046 J = 9 × 1053 erg,
and a large amount of Gamma rays will be released.
12.3 表面环
12.3 The surface ring
缪志先在他的著作《天体的光环－天文学的新论点 》中提出了旋转雨伞效应:像雨滴沿着旋转雨伞的边缘做切线运动一样,带电粒子会在旋转天体的赤道上空做切线运动并形成天体环.
In his work Rings Around Celestial bodies—New Astrological Ideas Miao Zhixian (Miao, Zhixian) proposed the spinning-umbrella effect: as rain drops move tangentially along the edge of an umbrella, so electric charge carrying particles move tangentially above the equator of a rotating celestial object and form rings around it.
类似地,自转物体可以生成一些围绕着它的由粒子组成的薄圆环,类雾体中的电子是双重时空粒子,它们的运动所产生的由(9.2(4)-1a)所描述的反引力与自转物体的引力方向相反,并且与引力呈动态平衡状态.这使得环既不会落入自转物体,又不会从自转物体的表面离去.这样的环可以称为表面环.
Similarly, a rotating object can produce around it some thin rings consisting of particles, in which the electrons are double-spacetime particles, whose motion produces antigravitation described by (9.2(4)-1a). The antigravitation and the object's gravitation are opposite in direction, and are in dynamic equilibrium with each other. This makes the rings neither fall into the rotating object nor go away from the surface of the rotating object. Such rings can be called surface rings.
| 表面环通过它生成的极限旋转磁场影响其他天体. (12.3-1) |
| the surface ring generates the limit-rotation magnetic field, which affects other celestial bodies. (12.3-1) |
GPS专家 Ben Harris 指出,可能有一个暗物质的环或晕圈围绕着地球,这个看不见的晕圈可能是骑跨赤道,191千米厚,70,000千米宽.[11.1-2]
GPS expert Ben Harris pointed out that there could be a halo, or ring, of dark matter surrounding Earth, and the invisible halo would need to straddle the equator and be 191 kilometers thick by 70,000 kilometers wide.[11.1-2]
[11.1-1] 缪志先.《天体的光环－天文学的新论点 》.北京:气象出版社,2012. ISBN 978-7-5029-5554-0. 第2.5节.
[11.1-1] Miao Zhixian. Rings Around Celestial bodies—New Astrological Ideas. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2012. ISBN 978-7-5029-5554-0. Section 2.5.
[11.1-2] http://hjly.k618.cn/qcdh/qchx/201401/t20140110_4512504.htm
[11.1-2] Ian O'Neill. Is Earth surrounded by dark matter?
http://news.discovery.com/space/is-earth-surrounded-by-dark-matter-140103.htm
12.4 扭量光影凝聚态
12.4 The twistor-light-silhouette condensed state
设 d 是类雾体里面粒子间的平均距离, λ' 是(13-18)描述的类雾体粒子的波长.当 λ' > d 时,类雾体粒子形成一种物态,这种物态可以称为扭量光影凝聚态.扭量光影凝聚态的物质具有较凉的温度.
Let d be the average interparticle distance in the foggoid, and λ' be the wavelength of a foggoid particle described by (13-18). When λ' > d , the foggoid particles form a state of matter, which can be called the twistor-light-silhouette condensed state. Matter in the twistor-light-silhouette condensed state has a cool temperature.
| 当类雾体粒子的波长大于粒子间的平均距离时,粒子形成一种扭量光影凝聚态. (12.4-1) |
| When the wavelength of the foggoid particles is larger than the average interparticle distance, the particles form a twistor-light-silhouette condensed state. (12.4-1) |
处于扭量光影凝聚态的物质象是果冻.
Matter in a twistor-light-silhouette condensed state is like jelly.
威尔库克写道:
最早跳出我脑海的案例是在一场龙卷风中,一片三叶草的叶子被嵌入了一堵灰泥墙中,仿佛那堵墙变得和海绵一样柔软.(《谁设计了宇宙?：源场调查,万物背后的神秘推手与即将来临的黄金时代》[1]第213页)
David Wilcock wrote:
The story that jumped out at me the most was of a clover leaf that had been found pushed into a stucco wall, during a tornado-as if the wall had become soft and spongy. (The Source Field Investigations: the hidden science and lost civilizations behind the 2012 prophecies.[1] p. 285)
参考文献
References
[1] 威尔库克(Wilcock, D.). 《谁设计了宇宙?：源场调查,万物背后的神秘推手与即将来临的黄金时代》觉醒字幕组译. 南京:江苏人民出版社,2012.7.
[1] Wilcock, David. The Source Field Investigations: the hidden science and lost civilizations behind the 2012 prophecies. DUTTON. Published by Penguin Group (USA) Inc. New York. 2011.